Apr 06, · Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are spread, to people through bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes, which are referred to as malaria vectors known to bite primarily between dusk and dawn. Four parasite species that result in malaria in humans are the following: (1) Plasmodium falciparum; (2) Plasmodium vivax; (3) Plasmodium malariae; WhatsApp Generally, malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium which is a parasite that infects red blood cells. There are five types of malaria which are Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi. Malaria is usually transmitted from human-to-human by the Anopheles mosquito Essay On Malaria Words | 6 Pages. There are currently five distinct protozoan vertebrate Plasmodium species identified as causal agents of malaria in humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovalae, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi, with the most common, P. falciparum, accounting for approximately seventy percent of all cases
Essay on Malaria: Symptoms and Methods of Prevention
The parasites causing malaria are highly specific, malaria essay, with man as the only host and mosquitoes as the only vector. Every year, , people are affected by malaria, and while less than one percent of these people die, there are still an estimated 1, deaths per year. While Malaria was one of the first infectious diseases to be treated successfully with a drug, scientist are still looking for a cure or at least a vaccination today Cann, Though many people are aware that malaria is a disease, they are unaware that it is life threatening, kills over a million people each year, and is a very elusive target for antimalarial drugs Treatment of Malaria, Being a very specific disease, malaria is caused by only four protozoal parasites: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae.
Not only is the disease specific, but the parasites are too, with only 60 of species of female Anopheles mosquitoes as vectors.
With the exception of Plasmodia Malariae which may affect other primates, all parasites of malaria have only one host, malaria essay, Homo malaria essay. Because some mosquitoes contain substances toxic to Plasmodium in their cells, not all species of mosquitoes are vectors of Plasmodium.
Although very specific, malaria still causes disruption of over three hundred million people worldwide each year Cann, malaria essay, The life cycle of the parasite causing malaria exists between two organisms, humans and the Anopheles mosquito. When a female mosquito bites a human, she injects an anticoagulant saliva which keeps the human bleeding and ensures an even flowing meal for her.
When the vector injects her saliva into the human, it also injects ten percent of her sporozoite load. Once in the bloodstream, the Plasmodium travel to the liver and reproduce by asexual reproduction. These liver cells then burst releasing the parasites back into the bloodstream where they then enter red blood cells. Here, the Plasmodium feed on hemoglobin and reproduce again by asexual reproduction.
Afterwards, malaria essay, the red blood cells burst and release the parasites, malaria essay. Some of the parasites released from red blood cells may be able to replicate by sexual reproduction. When the host has been bitten by a mosquito again, infected blood inters the mosquito. Here, sexual forms of the parasite develop in the stomach of the Anopheles mosquito completing the parasites life cycle Herman, People infected malaria have several symptoms including fever, chills, headaches, malaria essay, weakness, and an enlarged spleen Herman, The amount of time for symptoms to appear malaria essay depending on the form of the parasite.
Those infected with Plasmodium falciparum experience symptoms after about twenty-four hours, those infected with Malaria essay vivax and Plasmodium ovale produce symptoms after a forty-eight hour interval, and after seventy-two hours Plasmodium malariae begin causing fever and chills Cann, Most malaria cases seem to cluster in the tropical climate areas extending into the subtropics, and malaria malaria essay especially endemic in Africa.
In eighty percent of all reported cases were in Africa, while the remainder of most cases came from nine countries: India, Brazil, Afghanistan, Sri-Lanka, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, and China. Globally, the disease circulates in malaria essay one hundred countries causing up to 1, deaths annually Cann, malaria essay, Because there is no definite cure for malaria, scientists are trying their hardest to contain the parasite to where it now exists.
The range of a vector from a suitable habitat is fortunately limited to a maximum of two miles Cann, If this were the only factor, malaria essay, scientist would have no problem containing the disease.
Humans migrate, however, and over time the disease has slowly spread throughout the tropics. Major problems also exist when ignorant tourists to Africa transfer the parasite to non malarious areas Graham, Biologists are also using control measures, such as spraying DDT to kill mosquitoes, malaria essay, draining stagnant water, and using the widespread use of nets to contain the mosquito itself Herman, malaria essay, Because of the worsening situation, the World Malaria essay Organization WHO declared malaria control to be malaria essay global priority Limited Imagination, Although limiting the spread of malaria is not easy, finding a cure has presented several problems in recent years.
One main reason finding a cure for malaria is so hard is that different strains in different parts of the world require different drugs, all of which soon lose their effectiveness as the parasite evolves resistance to them Limited Imagination, Secondly, once the parasite enters the human bloodstream, malaria essay, it malaria essay form malaria essay times inside the body, malaria essay, making it an elusive target for the immune system Malaria essay, In the past several decades, scientists have developed many drugs that have all fallen victim to the resistance of the Plasmodium parasites.
Such drugs include chloroquine, pyrimethamine, chloroguanide, desipramine, halofantrine, mefloquine, and arteether Herman, Scientists too often find their drugs effectiveness wearing off as malarial parasites build tolerance to them Graham, Several drugs used to treat the disease have been around for centuries, malaria essay.
One such drug is quinine, a compound extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree. This drug was a secret of the locals of the Amazon jungle for centuries until European missionaries learned of its use.
The trouble remains that quinine is expensive to harvest, is extremely hard to synthesize, and fails to prevent relapses Limited Imagination, Another unique treatment of malaria is the use of malaria essay herb Artemisia annua.
This herb has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine to treat malaria and fever. Neither of these drugs are one hundred percent effective Herman, While the need for malarial vaccines grows urgent, so does the number of people affected each year.
Although it is caused by a highly specific parasite, malaria still seems to kill off between one to two million people annually, malaria essay. As the Plasmodium parasites mutate more and more to resist the effect of antimalarials, it becomes harder for scientist to find a cure Treatment of Malaria, Cann, Alan J. Medical technology has seemed to advance enough so that doctors are able to perform brain….
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Malaria - Plasmodium
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Malaria Essay. Words6 Pages. Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles The outlook for malaria control is grim. The disease, caused by mosquito-borne parasites, is present in countries and is responsible for over million clinical cases and 1 to 2 million deaths each year. Over the past two decades, efforts to control malaria have met with less and less success May 29, · A lot of people do not worry about Malaria because they at not in an area that is affected by Malaria but when they travel to areas that are affected by Malaria they can very well be affected. 56,, people died in and , died from Malaria. Malaria is a worldwide protozoan disease which is easy to prevent but very hard to treat
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